Sport-Specific Articles

Sport-Specific Articles
High school football referee Ken Smotrys is punched by a player during a 1995 game, an incident that brought national attention to violence against sports officials.

The Referee Assault That Became National News

Editor’s note: This article originally appeared in the February 1996 issue of Referee under the title “Incident in Black and White.” It recounts a...

Avoid Match Problems With Solid Communication

As crazy as this might sound, have you ever thought of volleyball referees being in the customer service business? One might advance the notion...

Wing Officials Are Coach Conduits For Crew

Wing officials face the constant challenge of the game in front of them and having to communicate with coaches who are behind them. Control of the sideline is important...
Legendary NBA referee Jake O'Donnell during his 28-season officiating career

Jake O’Donnell: The NBA Referee Who Walked Away at the Top

It’s been almost a year since the legendary Jake O’Donnell officiated his last game. It was strange not seeing him in the NBA Finals...
Football officials brief a ball assistant on ballhandling procedures before a game

Football Ballhandling Keeps The Game Moving

It was the championship game for the local semi-pro league with a crew of six officials. A pass was intercepted and the down ended...
Vintage ticket from the historic St. Louis Cardinals vs. Chicago Cubs 1974 game at Busch Stadium that featured a legendary brawl.

Two Batters, One Pitch and a Wild Cubs-Cardinals Brawl

In a 26-year career as an NL umpire, totaling 3,743 regular-season games, Terry Tata says few stand out. Aside from the high-profile, postseason and...
NBA referee Bob Delaney, who previously worked undercover for the New Jersey State Police investigating organized crime.

Bob Delaney: From Undercover Cop to NBA Referee

You’re used to seeing 14-year NBA veteran Bob Delaney on the court with Shaq or the Mailman. But long before his officiating career ever...
Volleyball line judge signals during a match as part of the officiating crew

Game’s on the Line

Officiating volleyball is much different than officiating any other sport. There are many reasons for this, but this article is going to focus on...
Professional baseball umpire Pam Postema during her minor league umpiring career.

Pam Postema: Her Fight to Reach the Major Leagues

Anyone who doubts that Pam Postema is a strong person should take a close look — at her picture and her story. In fact,...
NFL referee Red Cashion signals a first down during a football game.

Red Cashion: The Story Behind “First Dowwwwwnnn!

Psychologists call it word association. They say “peanut butter,” you say “jelly.” They say “mother,” you say “father.” They say “Red Cashion,” you say,...

Poor Signals Lose Time

By Gerry Grunska Recently I witnessed a victory that was essentially accomplished through timing errors by the officials. The process went like this. Time was running out for team...

When Not To Be Subtle As the Second Referee

Communication between first and second referees is essential in communicating decisions to players, coaches, assistant officials and spectators. Precisely executed, established signals indicate the referees are competent and in control of...
Major League Baseball umpires gather before a game, demonstrating the importance of crew communication and teamwork.

Crew Harmony: The Key to Officiating Success

Why Crew Harmony Matters When any game assignment arrives, all sorts of questions usually race through an official’s mind. First, who’s playing? Great teams? A...
Five high school football officials meet on the field during a pregame conference before kickoff.

Five Holes for Crew of Five

The most frequently utilized crew size for high school varsity contests across the country consists of five people. As stated in the NFHS Football...
Soccer referee observes players closely while maintaining control during a competitive match.

Can You Read the Game Before Trouble Starts?

Once a referee reaches the point where they know the Laws of the Game well and have learned effective mechanics, what comes next to...

Official/Player Communication Influences Conduct

Trying to manage a football game would be nearly impossible without effective and pointed communication. Although managing players is primarily the responsibility of the coaching staff, officials can facilitate the...

Shorten Your Learning Curve

As a young or newer referee works to master the art of officiating, she or he soon finds out that, while the rules are...
Football official writes coin toss information on a game card before a game.

Don’t Leave Your Coin Toss to Chance

The coin toss is the first visible and formal chance to make everyone comfortable the game will be fairly administered. Associations and other authorities have...
Deciding when to card a coach or player can be tricky. Duane Sanchez, Kenmore, Wash., shows a yellow card after a play.

The Art and Science of Sanctioning Bad Behavior

Deciding when to issue a card during a match is a delicate balance of art and science. Some situations require immediate action, while others...
Jerry Markbreit sits amongst the memorabilia of his officiating career, wondering what comes next.

Skokie to the Super Bowl: Jerry Markbreit

Walking Away Jerry Markbreit doesn't know what he's going to do next. He does know that when the 1998 NFL football season ends, he'll walk off...

Things No Official Has Ever Accomplished

There are a few things that no official has ever accomplished. By fully understanding the following feats cannot be accomplished, officials will gain a better understanding of how to...

Discretion Available For Dangerous Play

T he prohibition against engaging in play that is dangerous or likely to cause injury to oneself or an opponent has been a part of...
Jim Garman college baseball umpire

Jim Garman: The Best Umpire in College Baseball

Relying on faith and family, Jim Garman has found success throughout his life. In umpiring, he has 50 NCAA postseason assignments, including eight trips...
Magazine feature graphic for the 1966 World Cup quarterfinal between England and Argentina at Wembley. West German referee Rudolf Kreitlein orders Argentina captain Antonio Rattin off during the 1966 World Cup quarterfinal at Wembley.

1966 World Cup: The Wembley Debacle That Gave Soccer Its Card System

The World Cup provided one of soccer’s most historic matches on July 23, 1966. Both teams were unbeaten after three preliminary rounds as England...